Windows vs. Mac: The Xerox Legacy

When Steve Jobs recruited Microsoft to be the first third-party applications software developer for the Macintosh, he was already concerned they might copy Apple's ideas into a PC-based user interface. As a condition for early Macintosh development access, Steve made Microsoft promise not to ship mouse-driven software until at least one year after the Macintosh's release.

Microsoft's Early Involvement

  • Lead Programmer: Neil Konzen, a brilliant Apple II hacker from Microsoft's backyard in Seattle suburbs
    • Hired while still in high school
    • Single-handedly implemented system software for Microsoft's Z80 card (allowed Apple II to run CP/M)
  • Role: Integrated Microsoft's byte-code interpreted environment (a Xerox-inspired system favoring memory efficiency) with the evolving Mac OS

1983 Developments

By mid-1983, Microsoft demonstrated working prototypes of:

  1. Multiplan (spreadsheet)
  2. Chart (business graphics)
  3. Word processor (undisclosed, as it would compete with MacWrite)

Author's Observations:

  • Konzen frequently asked about Mac internals (particularly region implementation)
  • Suspected Microsoft was planning to clone the Mac
  • Steve Jobs dismissed concerns, believing Microsoft couldn't implement a decent version

The Windows Announcement (November 1983)

Microsoft announced at Comdex:

  • New mouse-based GUI environment: Windows
  • Mouse support for Microsoft Word
  • Direct competition with "Vision" (by Personal Software)

Steve Jobs' Reaction:

"Get Gates down here immediately... I want him in this room by tomorrow afternoon, or else!"

Confrontation:

  • Gates' defense: "We both had this rich neighbor named Xerox... I broke in to steal the TV set and found you'd already stolen it."
  • Legal technicality: The 1981 agreement allowed Windows announcement (ship date clause fixed to September 1983)

Windows Evolution

  1. Windows 1.0 (Fall 1985):

    • Crude implementation (tiling instead of overlapping windows)
    • Poor market reception
    • Team fired by Gates
  2. Neil Konzen's Version (1987-88):

    • Improved enough to prompt Apple's 1988 copyright lawsuit
    • Microsoft won on technicality (perpetual license granted in November 1985)