Steve Jobs: Macintosh Visionary

# The Origins of the Macintosh: A Story of Vision, Conflict, and Collaboration

In the early days of the personal computer industry, breakthrough products could still be created single-handedly or by very small teams. **Steve Wozniak** is indisputably the father of the **Apple II**, having:
- Designed the entire digital board.
- Written all system software, including a **BASIC interpreter**.
- Done most of this work before Apple was incorporated.

Even Woz needed help:
- **Rod Holt**: Analog electronics (innovative switching power supply).
- **Steve Jobs** and **Jerry Manock**: Industrial design (plastic case).

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By the 1980s, development became more complex. The **Macintosh** was a team effort, with at least half a dozen key contributors. For launch publicity, Steve Jobs named seven (excluding himself) as the "design team"—but the line was arbitrary. Some felt excluded, and there was no clear way to define it.

Yet, a search for *"Father of the Macintosh"* returns **Jef Raskin**—the project’s initiator.

### Jef Raskin: The Visionary Founder

- Former UCSD professor (computer science and music).
- Joined Apple in January 1978 as employee #31.
- Hired after writing Apple’s Basic manual with Brian Howard (Bannister and Crun consulting).
- Founded Apple’s internal publications group.
- In 1979, proposed an **ultra-low-cost, easy-to-use appliance computer**.
- Presented idea to **Mike Markkula** in March 1979; project approved in September.
- Named **Macintosh** after his favorite apple.
- Collected ideas in *"The Book of Macintosh."*

Raskin:
- Created the Macintosh project.
- Defined a vision of a **low-cost, high-volume, intuitive computer**.
- Assembled the initial team:
  - Recruited **Bill Atkinson**.
  - Hired **Burrell Smith**, **Bud Tribble**, **Joanna Hoffman**, **Brian Howard**.

But the Macintosh that shipped was **very different** from Jef’s vision.

> Jef opposed the **Motorola 68000** (preferring the 6809, limited to 64KB address space).  
> He rejected the **mouse**, favoring dedicated meta-keys.

He grew alienated and left in **summer 1981**—early in development. Few of his ideas made it into the final product. Had the project been renamed after Steve Jobs took over (January 1981), the link to Jef might have vanished.

Jef is more like an **eccentric great uncle** than a father.

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### Who, Then, Is the "Parent" of the Macintosh?

- **Bill Atkinson**:  
  Almost single-handedly created the breakthrough **UI**, **graphics software**, and **killer app** (MacPaint, QuickDraw).

- **Burrell Smith**:  
  Designed the wildly creative **digital board**—the "seed crystal" of the Mac’s architecture.

But if one person stands above the rest: **Steve Jobs**.

> The Macintosh **never would have happened**—or taken its form—without him.

Others delivered the **creative work**, but **Steve** provided:
- Vision.
- Passion for excellence.
- Unrelenting will.
- Persuasive leadership.

He drove the team to meet **impossible standards**.

**Final answer: Steve Jobs.**